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Timeline of United States inventions (1946–91)
A timeline of United States inventions (1946–1991) encompasses the ingenuity and innovative advancements of the United States within a historical context, dating from the era of the Cold War, which have been achieved by inventors who are either native-born or naturalized citizens of the United States. Copyright protection secures a person's right to his or her first-to-invent claim of the ''original'' invention in question, highlighted in Article I, Section 8, Clause 8 of the United States Constitution which gives the following enumerated power to the United States Congress:
In 1641, the first patent in North America was issued to Samuel Winslow by the General Court of Massachusetts for a new method of making salt.〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=IP Legal Services )〕〔James W. Cortada, "Rise of the knowledge worker, Volume 8 of Resources for the knowledge-based economy", Knowledge Reader Series, Butterworth-Heinemann, 1998, p. 141, ISBN 0-7506-7058-4, ISBN 978-0-7506-7058-6.〕〔"Manufactures of the United States in 1860; compiled from the original returns of the eighth census, under the direction of the Secretary of the interior", Publisher: Government Printing Office, Washington, 1865, p. cxcix: "Salt-making was commenced at Salein in 1636, and in 1641 Samuel Winslow was allowed, for 10 years, the exclusive right of making salt in Massachusetts by a new method."〕 On April 10, 1790, President George Washington signed the Patent Act of 1790 (1 Stat. 109) into law which proclaimed that patents were to be authorized for "any useful art, manufacture, engine, machine, or device, or any improvement therein not before known or used."〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=Digital Law Online )〕 On July 31, 1790, Samuel Hopkins of Pittsford, Vermont became the first person in the United States to file and to be granted a patent for an improved method of "Making Pot and Pearl Ashes."〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=United States Patent and Trademark Office )〕 The Patent Act of 1836 (Ch. 357, 5 Stat. 117) further clarified United States patent law to the extent of establishing a patent office where patent applications are filed, processed, and granted, contingent upon the language and scope of the claimant's invention, for a patent term of 14 years with an extension of up to an additional 7 years.〔 However, the Uruguay Round Agreements Act of 1994 (URAA) changed the patent term in the United States to a total of 20 years, effective for patent applications filed on or after June 8, 1995, thus bringing United States patent law further into conformity with international patent law.〔(【引用サイトリンク】)">publisher=United States Patent and Trademark Office )〕 The modern-day provisions of the law applied to inventions are laid out in Title 35 of the United States Code (Ch. 950, sec. 1, 66 Stat. 792).
From 1836 to 2011, the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) has granted a total of 7,861,317 patents〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=United States Patent and Trademark Office )〕 relating to several well-known inventions appearing throughout the timeline below. Some examples of patented inventions between the years 1946 and 1991 include William Shockley's transistor (1947),〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=The New York Times Company )〕 John Blankenbaker's personal computer (1971),〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=Old Computers.com )〕 Vinton Cerf's and Robert Kahn's Internet protocol/TCP (1973),〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=The Great Idea Finder )〕 and Martin Cooper's mobile phone (1973).〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=Engology.com )〕
==Cold War (1946–1991)==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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